This is the complete text of What is African Traditional Religion, an essay by Joseph Omosade Awolalu, which appeared in the the journal Studies in Comparative. In some Christian movements, particularly in Evangelicalism, to be born again is a popular phrase referring to spiritual rebirth, or a regeneration of the human. MeetingtheShadow. Free ebook download as PDF File. Text File. txt or read book online for free. RebelMouse is the best CMS 2017 and 1 Wordpress VIP alternative. See what makes us so fast, and why you should replatform with us today. If you are a teacher searching for educational material, please visit PBS LearningMedia for a wide range of free digital resources spanning preschool through 12th grade. Don t ask, don t tell by m. The Dont Ask, Dont Tell law may have been repealed, Urban Books authors M. T. Pope, Tina Brooks McKinney, Brenda Hampton. How Africa Became the Cradle of Humankind A fossil discovery in 1924 revolutionized the search for human ancestors, leading scientists to Africa. Rense. com is the single most important news aggregate site on the internet. The spectrum of stories, ideas and revelations presented, on a. Torrentz will always love you. Farewell. 20032016 Torrentz. I heard about Moot from A Word A Day listserve. Ive played the game with different sets of friends I gave them copies. The Rebirth Of African Civilization Pdf To Word' title='The Rebirth Of African Civilization Pdf To Word' />Torrentz Search Engine. Torrentz will always love you. How Africa Became the Cradle of Humankind. Science. If you know anything about human evolution, its probably that humans arose in Africa. But you may not know how scientists came to that conclusion. Its one of my favorite stories in the history of paleoanthropologyone that involves an anatomist youve probably never heard of and an infant who was attacked by an eagle and dropped into a hole almost three million years ago. The idea that humans evolved in Africa can be traced to Charles Darwin. In his 1. 87. 1 book The Descent of Man, Darwin speculated that it was probable that Africa was the cradle of humans because our two closest living relativeschimpanzees and gorillaslive there. Spell Check For Microsoft Word on this page. However, he also noted, a large, extinct ape once lived in Europe millions of years ago, leaving plenty of time for our earliest ancestors to migrate to Africa. So, he concluded, its useless to speculate on the subject. By the early 2. Humans evolved somewhere in Europe or Asia. By then, Neanderthals had been found in Europe Java Man now known as Homo erectus had been discovered in Indonesia and Piltdown Man later exposed as a hoax had been unearthed in England. Although these ancient beings were primitive, they clearly resembled modern humans. In 1. 92. 4, a fossil discovery in South Africa challenged this view of a Eurasian homeland and revolutionized the study of human evolution. Raymond Dart, an Australian born anatomist working at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, was interested in fossils. In the fall of 1. Dart was preparing to attend a wedding, two boxes of rocks blasted from a limestone quarry near the town of Taung were delivered at his house. Over the objections of his wife, Dart, dressed in formal wear, dug into one of the boxes. He found something amazing the fossilized mold of a brain. This was a special brain. The shape and folds on the brains surface implied it belonged to some kind of humanperhaps an ancient human ancestor, Dart thought. Further digging led Dart to another rock that the brain fit perfectly into. After months of careful chipping, Dart freed the brains corresponding face and lower jaw on December 2. I doubt if there was any parent prouder of his offspring, Dart later wrote in his 1. Adventures with the Missing Link, on that Christmas of 1. It was probably the best Christmas present a paleoanthropologist could ever receive. The creatures baby teeth revealed that it was a child probably 3 or 4 years old, scientists now think. Other features of the so called Taung Child confirmed Darts suspicion that he was handling a human ancestor. Although the being looked apish in many ways, the face lacked a pronounced muzzle as seen in chimps and gorillas. And the placement of the hole through which the spinal cord exits the bottom of the skullthe foramen magnumsuggested the Taung Child had an erect posture and walked upright on two legs animals that travel on four legs, such as chimps and gorillas, have a foramen magnum more toward the back of the skull. Dart wasted no time in reporting his results, announcing in early February 1. Nature PDF, that he had found an extinct race of apes intermediate between living anthropoids and man. He named it Australopithecus africanus Southern Ape of Africa. Australopithecus africanus did not receive a warm welcome from experts in the field. In the minds of most academics, there was a lot to criticize. Many derided Dart for rushing to publication, and media hoopla surrounding the announcementbefore experts had a chance to take a close look at the findingirked more established anatomists. Researchers even ridiculed Dart for mixing Latin and Greek when inventing the name Australopithecus. The biggest problems were scientific. No one had any idea what the Taung Child would have looked like as an adult. Furthermore, in addition to being from the wrong continent, the fossil was too ape like to fit the early 2. At the time, fossils like Piltdown Man indicated the earliest humans evolved big brains before other aspects of modern human physiology emergedeven before the ability to walk upright. Thus, experts dismissed the Taung fossil as just an old ape. But at least one person thought Dart was right. Paleontologist Robert Broom took up Darts cause. While investigating several limestone caves in South Africa during the 1. Broom discovered numerous fossils of adult ape men specimens that looked similar to Darts Taung Child. The mounting evidenceplus the uncovering of the Piltdown Hoax in the late 1. Africa was the birthplace of humans. The work dramatically altered the trajectory of human evolution studies, changing where people looked for human fossils and what they expected to find. Not all of Darts ideas have stood the test of time, however. As fossils of australopithecines were uncovered in South African caves, Dart noticed they were always found in association with animal partsparticularly the teeth, jaws and horns of hoofed animals. Dart believed these were the remains of an osteodontokeratic bone, tooth and horn culture, in which early humans used these broken bits as tools for warfare and hunting. Scientists later realized that predators such as leopards had accumulated the heaps of bones. In fact, holes on the Taung Child reveal it was the victim of a hungry eagle that dropped part of its meal into the entrance of the cave where the fossil was eventually found. I never get tired of the story of Raymond Dart, in part because the Taung Child is kind of an adorable fossil. But mostly its because Darts work is a great reminder that nothing in human evolution is written in stone you have to keep an open mind.